Disclosures

Last reviewed November 2026.

Roles and financial relationships

• I am employed by HCA Healthcare as an interventional neuroradiologist at HCA Florida Lake Monroe Hospital.
• I am a director and co-owner of Suncoast Spine and Pain Institute, an outpatient practice that provides several of the procedures discussed on this site.
• I participate in the speaker program of Vertex Pharmaceuticals.

When a piece touches a product, procedure or company connected to these relationships, it carries its own disclosure note.

Not medical advice

Everything here is educational. It is not a diagnosis or treatment recommendation for any individual, and reading it does not create a physician–patient relationship. If you have a medical concern, talk to your own physician.

Editorial standards

• Claims are linked to primary literature where possible.
• Preclinical findings are labeled as preclinical and kept separate from clinical evidence.
• Opinion is identified as opinion.
• Every piece is dated, and evergreen pages show when they were last reviewed.
• Clinical images are fully de-identified, and patient stories are shared only with written permission.

Views

The views on this site are my own and do not represent HCA Healthcare or any other organization I work with.